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1. Ranking Criteria and Weights
We
rank universities by several indicators of academic or research
performance, including alumni and staff winning Nobel Prizes and Fields
Medals, highly cited researchers, articles published in Nature and Science,
articles indexed in major citation indices, and the per capita academic
performance of an institution.
For each indicator, the highest scoring institution is assigned a score of
100, and other institutions are calculated as a percentage of the top
score. The distribution of data for each indicator is examined for any
significant distorting effect; standard statistical techniques are used to
adjust the indicator if necessary.
Scores for each indicator are weighted as shown below to arrive at a final
overall score for an institution. The highest scoring institution is
assigned a score of 100, and other institutions are calculated as a
percentage of the top score. An institution's rank reflects the number of
institutions that sit above it.
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Criteria
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Indicator
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Code
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Weight
|
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Quality of Education
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Alumni of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and
Fields Medals
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Alumni
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10%
|
|
Quality of Faculty
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Staff of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and
Fields Medals
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Award
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20%
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|
Highly cited researchers in 21 broad subject
categories
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HiCi
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20%
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|
Research Output
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Articles published in Nature and Science*
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N&S
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20%
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Articles in Science Citation Index-expanded, Social
Science Citation Index
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SCI
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20%
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|
Size of Institution
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Academic performance with respect to the size of an
institution
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Size
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10%
|
|
Total
|
|
|
100%
|
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* For institutions specialized in humanities and
social sciences such as London School of Economics, N&S is not
considered, and the weight of N&S is relocated to other indicators.
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2. Definition of Indicators
Alumni. The
total number of the alumni of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and
Fields Medals. Alumni are defined as those who obtain bachelor, Master's or
doctoral degrees from the institution. Different weights are set according
to the periods of obtaining degrees. The weight is 100% for alumni
obtaining degrees in 1991-2000, 90% for alumni obtaining degrees in
1981-1990, 80% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1971-1980, and so on, and
finally 10% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1901-1910. If a person obtains
more than one degrees from an institution, the institution is considered
once only.
Award. The total number of the
staff of an institution winning Nobel prizes in physics, chemistry,
medicine and economics and Fields Medal in Mathematics. Staff is defined as
those who work at an institution at the time of winning the prize.
Different weights are set according to the periods of winning the prizes.
The weight is 100% for winners in 2001-2005, 90% for winners in 1991-2000,
80% for winners in 1981-1990, 70% for winners in 1971-1980, and so on, and
finally 10% for winners in 1911-1920. If a winner is affiliated with more
than one institution, each institution is assigned the reciprocal of the
number of institutions. For Nobel prizes, if a prize is shared by more than
one person, weights are set for winners according to their proportion of
the prize.
HiCi. The number of highly cited
researchers in broad subject categories in life sciences, medicine,
physical sciences, engineering and social sciences. These individuals are
the most highly cited within each category. The definition of categories
and detailed procedures can be found at the website of Institute of
Scientific Information.
N&S. The number of articles
published in Nature and Science between 2001 and 2005. To distinguish the
order of author affiliation, a weight of 100% is assigned for corresponding
author affiliation, 50% for first author affiliation (second author
affiliation if the first author affiliation is the same as corresponding
author affiliation), 25% for the next author affiliation, and 10% for other
author affiliations. Only publications of article type are considered.
SCI. Total number of articles
indexed in Science Citation Index-expanded and Social Science Citation
Index in 2005. Only publications of article type are considered. When
calculating the total number of articles of an institution, a special
weight of two was introduced for articles indexed in Social Science
Citation Index.
Size. The weighted scores of the above five indicators divided by the
number of full-time equivalent academic staff. If the number of academic
staff for institutions of a country cannot be obtained, the weighted scores
of the above five indicators is used. For ranking 2006, the numbers of
full-time equivalent academic staff are obtained for institutions in USA,
UK, Japan, South Korea, Czech, China, Italy, Australia, Netherlands,
Sweden, Switzerland, Belgium, Slovenia, New Zealand etc.
3. Data Sources
. Nobel laureates. http://www.nobel.se.
Fields Medals. http://www.mathunion.org/medals/.
Highly cited researchers. http://www.isihighlycited.com.
Articles published in Nature and Science. http://www.isiknowledge.com.
Articles indexed in Science Citation Index-expanded, Social Science
Citation Index, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index. http://www.isiknowledge.com
4. List of Abbreviations
Abbreviations used in the names of institutions are as follows:
Agr
- Agriculture
Chem - Chemistry
China-hk - China - Hong Kong
China-tw - China - Taiwan
Coll - College
Fed - Federal
Inst - Institute
Med - Medicine
Natl or Nacl - National
Phys - Physics
Sch - School
Sci - Science
Tech - Technology
Univ - University
5. Acknowledgements
The
Ranking Group (Professor Nian Cai LIU, Mr. Ying CHENG, Mr. Lin YANG and Ms
Li LIU) in the Institute of Higher Education of Shanghai Jiao Tong
University would like to express our gratitude for those who have provided
us with the number of academic staff or thoughtful comments and
suggestions.
The help of graduate students Mr. Jian ZHU, Ms Weiwei WU, Ms Shaohua LIU,
Ms Shuangyun LIU, and Ms Dongmei LI in collecting data of SCI is also
acknowledged.
If
you will provide us statistical information on the detailed number of
academic staff of institutions in your country, we would very much
appreciate. We also look forward to have more comments and suggestions from
you in the future.
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